International Patent Classification of 2009, Advanced level

Section A - Human necessities
Section B - Performing operations; TRANSPORTATION
Section C - CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
Section D - Textiles; PAPER
Section E - Construction, Mining
Section F - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, lighting, heating, engines and pumps; ARMS AND AMMUNITION; BLASTING
Section G - PHYSICS
Section H - ELECTRICITY
Section A - Human necessities
AGRICULTURE
A01 Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, hunting, catching animals, fisheries and aquaculture
FOOD; TOBACCO
A21 Bread industry, equipment for manufacturing or processing dough, dough for baking [1,8]
Notes:
[5] Processes using enzymes or microorganisms for:
(i) isolation, separation or purification of pre-derived compounds or compositions, or [5]
(ii) processing of textiles or clean solid surfaces of materials [5]
also classified in subclass C 12S. [5] [5]

A22 slaughterhouse case; meat processing, processing of poultry or fish
A23 food or food products, their processing, not classified in other classes

Notes
(1) Attention is drawn to subjects following subclasses: [4]
C 08B Polysaccharides and their derivatives [4]
C 11 Animal and vegetable oils, fats, fatty substances and waxes [4]
C 12 Biochemistry, beer, alcoholic beverages, wine, vinegar [4]
. C 13 Production of sugar. [4] [4]
(2) Processes using enzymes or microorganisms for: [5]
(i) isolation, separation or purification of pre-derived compounds or compositions, or [5]
(ii) processing of textiles or clean solid surfaces of materials [5]
also classified in subclass C 12S. [5] [5]
A24 Tobacco, cigars, cigarettes, cigarette smokers

Personal and household goods
Clothing
A42 Hats
A43 Shoe Industry
A44 Fancy; Jewelry
A45 articles for personal use or travel accessories
A46 brushware
A47 Furniture (arrangement of seats in vehicles or adaptation of Vehicle B 60N); household items or appliances; mills for coffee mills for spices; vacuum cleaners in general (stairs, ladders E 06C)
Note
. The term “furniture” in this class also includes various racks or stands, eg for blackboards or drawing tables.
HEALTH; RESCUE SERVICES; ENTERTAINMENT
A61 Medical and veterinary science, hygiene
A62 Rescue Service, fire-fighting equipment (ladders E 06C)
A63 Sports, games, mass entertainment
] A99 topics not covered in this section [8]
Section B - Performing operations; TRANSPORTATION
SEPARATION; MIXING

Notes
Notes to this heading consist of several paragraphs, the contents of which explains the practical application of this part of the classification system and appears to be a supplement to the general “Guide to the IPC.
(1) separation of different materials, for example, different in composition or size, can be attributed to the following divisions:
B 01D
B 03B, B 03C, B 03D
B 04B, B 04C
B 07B, B 07C
(2) Classification attributes these subclasses:
(i) the physical condition of shared materials;
(ii) used methods of separation;
(iii) types of devices used to implement these methods.
The first of these features contains six different aspects, grouped into three groups:
a) separation of liquids, the separation of liquids from gases and separation of gases;
b) separating solids from liquids or gases;
a) the separation of solid materials.
: (3) These subclasses are used, based on the following general rules:
Division B 01D is the most common for the separation of materials, except solid.
- Device for separating solid materials classified in Class B 03B in the case when they are used for “washing” in the mining industry. This subclass covers also pneumatic devices, in particular the concentration tables and jigs. Screens classified in Class B 07B, even if they are used in the separation of wet methods. All other devices for the separation of solid materials by dry methods classified in Class B 07B.
- If the separation is the result of sorting by any parameters sorted materials or products, it is classified in Class B 07C.
- Separation of isotopes of the same chemical element is assigned to B 01D 59/00, regardless of the applied methods or devices.
Methods and devices for general-purpose implementation of the various physical and chemical processes (furnaces, kilns, ovens, retorts, in general F 27)
B02 crushing or grinding of various materials, preparation of grain for milling
B03 Separation of solid materials with liquids, concentration tables or jigs, magnetic or electrostatic separation of solid materials from solid materials or fluid, separation by the electric field formed by a high voltage (separating isotopes B 01D 59/00; crushing or grinding of materials B 02C; centrifuges, cyclones B 04) [5]
B04 centrifugal device for the implementation of physical or chemical processes
Note
Attention is drawn to the Notes following the title of the subsection “division; mixing.” [4]
B05 Methods and devices for general-purpose spray, causing liquids or other fluent materials on the surface of products (methods and devices for special purposes, see the classes corresponding to the application; cleaning for household purposes A 47L; cleaning in general by using liquids B 08B 3 / 00; sandblasting B 24C; coating of articles during shaping of substances in a plastic state B 29C 39/10, B 29C 39/18, B 29C 41/20, B 29C 41/30, B 29C 43/18, B 29C 43/28, B 29C 45/14, B 29C 47/02; layered products B 32B; printing, copying B 41; movement of processed products through the bath with a liquid B 65G, such as B 65G 49/02; manipulating rolled materials or threads in general B 65H; surface treatment of glass-coated C 03C 17/00, C 03C 25/10; coating or impregnation of mortars, concrete, stone or ceramic C 04B 41/45, C 04B 41/61, C 04B 41/81; Paints, varnishes, lacquers C 09D; enamelling of metals, application of vitreous coatings on metals, chemical cleaning or degreasing of metal products C 23; plating C 25D; treatment of textile materials by liquids, gases or vapors D 06B; laundry D 06F; surface treatment of roads E 01C; devices or methods for the preparation or processing of photosensitive materials G 03) [2]

Notes
In this class, the applicable terms lend the following values: [2]
- “Other fluent materials” includes semi-liquid, pastes, melts, solutions, dispersions, suspensions, materials in the form of particles, gases or vapors [2]
- “Granular materials” covers powders, granules, short fibers or shavings; [2]
- “Coating” refers to the applied materials, the applied coating may be liquid, and after drying rigid, such as paint. [2]
B06 Methods and devices for general-purpose or transfer of mechanical vibrations
B07 Separation of solid materials, sorting (separation in general B 01D; wet methods of separation, sorting, using the fluid is similar to using a liquid B 03; using liquids B 03B, B 03D; magnetic or electrostatic separation of B 03C; centrifuges or cyclones B 04; sorting specific materials or products, sm.klassy to which they belong)
B08 Cleaning
B09 disposal and recycling of solid waste management, restoration of contaminated soil (treatment of industrial waste water or sewage C 02F; treatment of solid radioactive waste G 21F 9 / 28) [3,6]

SHAPING
B21 Machining metals without chipping, machining metal molding (foundry and powder metallurgy B 22; metal cutting B 23D; treatment of metal by electric current of high concentration of B 23H; soldering, welding, flame cutting B 23K; combined and special ways of processing metal B 23P; punching sheet material in general B 26F; change the physical structure of metals C 21D, C 22F; electroforming C 25D 1 / 00)
Notes
(1) This class does not cover:
- A combination of methods of processing, each of whom individually assigned to different subclasses of this class or a subclass of this class and other classes should be classified in subclass B 23P.
- A combination of methods assigned to a subclass of class B 21, and the methods covered by other classes, for example, include removing the material is classified as a subclass B 23P. Exceptions are ways of handling classified in other classes, if they are subsidiary to the methods assigned to one of the subclasses of class B 21. In this case, they should be classified in this subclass.
(2) Different methods of treatment of nonmetallic materials, which can be used for the processing of metals, should be classified in this class and in those cases where they do not provide rubrics in the classroom treatment of nonmetallic materials.
B22 Foundry, Powder Metallurgy
B23 Metal-cutting machines, methods and equipment for metal processing, not classified in other classes (cutting, stamping, punching, fabrication of the sheet or profiled metal and tube B 21D; manufacture of wire and its products B 21F; making pins, needles and nails B 21G; making chains B 21L; grinding B 24)
Notes
(1) Еhis class includes:
- Ways not covered in other classes;
- A combination of methods of processing assigned to different subclasses of classes B 21 - B 24, provided for in subclass B 23P, with the exception of subsidiary operations performed in conjunction with the basic operations is relevant to any one division;
- Special features and design elements of a common purpose, not limited a particular type of machine tool, such as devices for feeding the processed products which are in Class B 23Q, although such structural elements may vary depending on the type of machine. Such structural elements, even if they are adapted or intended for machine tools a definite structure, only in exceptional cases can be assigned to divisions of the machine tools. If the divisions for certain types of metal, in particular B 23B, attributed the positive elements of a general nature, these subclasses have the advantage.
(2) In this class, under the terms set forth below, should be understood:
- Metal processing - processing and any other materials, unless the context implies that it is only about the metal;
- “Treatments” and similar expressions relate to such operations, processing of metals, as cutting, boring, drilling, milling, grinding;
- Type of machine “- machine to perform certain types of processing metals, such as a lathe;
- “Form of machine” - machine to perform processing in a certain way or to handle certain items, such as head-turning lathe, Turret lathe, etc.;
- “Different machines” - a different design tools to perform the same type of processing, but with different positions of the material, such as vertical and horizontal boring machines.
(3) If the structural elements or accessories, or accessories have no symptoms, specific to machine tools, then when their classification has the advantage of a more general class, eg F 16.
B24 grinding, polishing
Note
In this class, the term “grinding” refers to computer processing and coating, in particular, “lapping” operation.
B25 Hand tools, portable tools with power-driven; handles for hand tools, plumbing accessories; Controllers
Note
In this class, the term “portable” means also suspended to facilitate the movement manually, such as portable suspended on springs facilities used in production lines.
B26 Hand-held cutting tools, cutting, division
B27 Processing and preserving of wood and similar materials, machines for fastening nails or staples
Treatment cement, clay and stone
D 21J) Processing of plastics B29; processing substances in a plastic state in general (handling test A 21C; cooking chocolate A 23G; casting of metals B 22; clay B 28; chemical aspects, see section C, in particular, C 08; processing of glass C 03B; manufacturing candles C 11C 5 / 02; making soap C 11D 13/00; production of artificial fibers, monofilaments, fibers, bristles or ribbons D 01D, D 01F; production of cellulosic fiber suspensions or papier-mache D 21J)
Notes
(1) This class does not include the processing of plastic sheet material ways, similar methods of processing paper, falling within the class B 31. [4]
(2) In this class, the term “plastic” means macromolecular compounds or compositions based on them.
(3) When using this class should be kept in mind the following: [4]
a) the processing of plastics, if possible, should be classified primarily on the technical methods used by molding, for example in the subclass B 29C; [4]
b) the product if it is not the result of the use of techniques assigned to this class, not classified in this class; [4]
c) the classification associated with the production of special products (in the subclass B 29D), should be limited to: [4]
(i) aspects which are characteristic for the production of special products and which can not be classified in subclasses B 29B or B 29C; [4]
(ii) combined method for the production of special products, which can not be fully complete classification in subclass B 29C. [4]
(1) Division B 29K Headings used only in conjunction with the rubrics of subclasses B 29B, B 29C or B 29D in order to reflect the information relevant to the molding material or materials for the reinforcing elements, fillers, or pre-laminated parts, eg inserts. [6]
(2) The codes of subclass B29L are only for use as indexing codes associated with subclass B29C, so as to provide information concerning the articles produced by the techniques classified in subclass B29C. [4]

B30 Press

B31 Production of cardboard products; machining of paper and cardboard (making layered products, including with layers of paper or cardboard B32B; subtle manipulation of products or materials, such as sheets, ribbons, ropes B65H)

Notes
(1) This class classified methods and devices for manipulating sheet, flat bar, tape, paper materials in the manufacture of paper boxes, boxes, bags, etc.
(2) This class does not include:
- Production directly from paper pulp, which is attributed to D21J;
- Methods and devices for manipulation of such material more widely used than for the manufacture of paper products, which are assigned to B65H.
(3) In this class, the term “paper” means any material produced by methods similar to methods of paper production, such as plastic sheeting, cardboard, foil.
B32 Layered products or materials

PRINT

Printing equipment [4] B42 Binding and binding production; albums; means the classification and storage of documents and the like; special types of printed materials B43 B44 Decorative Arts
Notes
This class assigned devices, tools and techniques intended only for performance art or decorative works, and only if such devices, tools or methods are not assigned to other classes. [4]

TRANSPORTATION
B60 Transportation (general)
Notes
In this class the following term is below the specified value:
- “vehicle” means any vehicle, rather than a specific vehicle is one of the following types: rail, water, land and cartage facilities, including hand trucks, bicycles, horse-drawn carts and sledges, aircraft and spacecraft, which are assigned to appropriate classes B61 - B64.
The above term includes:
- Common attributes and elements that are common to more than one of these types of vehicles;
- Some elements that are only used on cars and road trailers, or field.
- Should consider some exceptions to the above:
(a) to subclasses B60B, B60C attributed wheels and tires for all vehicles, except skates A63C 17/00, model railway rolling stock A63H 19/00 and aircraft B64C 25/00;
(b) to the subclass B 60C assigned accession valves to inflatable elastic chambers in general and in this respect, it is not limited to vehicles;
in Division B 60L classified as electrical equipment for all types of vehicles with electric drive;
to Division B 60M classified equipment external sources of energy for all types of vehicles with electric drive;
(d) to Division B 60R assigned belts or safety belts are used in all types of land vehicles; [4]
(e) to the subclass B60S classified methods and devices for maintenance of all types of vehicles, except for devices for servicing locomotives B61K 11/00, ground equipment for servicing aircraft B64F, or cleaning devices floating vessels B63B 57/00, B63B 59 / 00;
(g) to the subclass B60T attributed brake control system for general purpose, ie used not only for vehicles. This subclass also includes a brake system with amplifiers used in rail transport, and some other features of the brake systems of rail vehicles.
(r) to the subclass B60V assigned vehicles, air cushion, as such, and ground vehicles, ships or aircraft with features allowing them to alternatively operate as a vehicle air-cushion or partially supported by an air bag. [2009]
B61 Rail vehicles

Notes
The term “railway” in this class should be understood:

(a) transport system, in which trains or individual passenger vehicles or trucks conveyors move at ground or above-ground waterways with rail, rope, cable or other guiding elements for wheels, rollers, or sliding anti-friction devices (vehicles, permanently attached to an endless traction element B65G 17/00);

(b) the road, where vehicles are attached, for example suspended from the sending pulling rope (chain and bulk containers B65G 17/00, B65G 19/00);
(c) “motor or non-motorized” system of any of the above types in which vehicles, cargo transporters or goods may be separately attached or detached from a continuous traction element, such as ropes, chains.
B62 Trackless ground vehicles
B63 Ships and other vessels, equipment for them
B64 Aeronautics, aviation, astronautics B65 Transportation, packaging, storing, manipulating thin or filamentary materials B66 Lifting; displacement; push or pull B67 Opening or closing bottles, jars or similar vessels, the operations performed with the liquid (nozzles in general B 05B; packaging of liquid products B 65B, for example B 65B 3 / 00; pumps in general F 04; siphons F 04F 10/00; valves F 16K ; filling LPG vessels F 17C) B68 Saddlers-and saddle manufacture, upholstery

MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY; NANOTECHNOLOGIES [7]

B81 Microstructural technology [7]
Notes
(1) This class assigned microstructural device or system, including at least one essential element or structure, characterized by a very small size, mostly in the range from 10 -4 to 10 -7 meters [7]
of significant size, at least in one dimension, can not be fully recognized without the use of an optical microscope. [7]
(2) In this class, used expressions have the following meanings: [7]
- To the “microstructure devices include: [7]
(i) micromechanical devices with mobile, flexible or deformable elements, and [7]
(ii) three-dimensional structures without movable, flexible or deformable elements having microformations designed to perform the essential functions of interaction with the environment, and this function is not purely electronic or chemical, regardless of whether these structures are integrated with microelectronic devices or formed from specific materials [7]
- To the “microstructure systems” include: [7]
(i) of the interaction of microstructural units and [7]
(ii) or mikrooptomehanicheskie microelectromechanical systems, which combine on a common substrate the specific elements of microstructural devices and electrical or optical components, such as to control the microstructure devices, their control or alarm on the operation. [7]
B82 Nanotechnology [7] B99 Subjects not covered in this section [8]

Section C - CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

Note:
Definitions of groups of chemical elements used in this this section:
Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr.
Alkaline earth metals: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra.
Lanthanides: elements with atomic numbers 57 - 71.
Rare-earth metals: Sc, Y, lanthanides.
Actinides: elements with atomic numbers 89 - 103.
Refractory metals: Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W.
Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At.
Inert gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn.
Platinum group: Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Ro, Pd.
Light metals: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Be, Al, Mg.
Heavy metals: metals other than light.
With iron: Fe, Co, Ni.
Non-metals: H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, noble gases, halogens.
Metals: elements other than non-metals.
Transition elements: elements with atomic numbers 21 - 30, 39 - 48, 57 - 80, 89 and above.
These notes clarify the scope of this part of the classification system.
(1) For section C include:
(a) pure chemistry, which covers inorganic compounds, organic compounds, macromolecular compounds, and methods of obtaining them;
(b) applied chemistry, which covers compositions containing the above compounds, such as glass, ceramics, fertilizers, plastics, paints, products of the petroleum industry. It also covers some of the substances and mixtures of special purpose by special properties, such as explosives, dyes, adhesives, lubricants and detergents;
(c) certain types of processing industries, such as: the production of coke and of solid or gaseous fuels, the production or purification of oils, fats and waxes, the fermentation industry (eg brewing and wine-making), the production of sugar;
(d) certain types of processing: either completely mechanical, such as mechanical treatment of the skin, or partly mechanical, such as water treatment or prevention of corrosion in general;
(e) metallurgy, ferrous alloys and ferrous metals.
(2) (2)
(a) The chemical part of any process, method of processing a product or products that are also non-chemical part, attributed usually to the section C.
(b) In some cases, chemicals are often closely associated with non-chemical, such as purely mechanical part, which depends on the method or process, so logically they should not interrupt each other, as in the case of Applied Chemistry, or in the case of industrial and process mentioned. For example furnace for the manufacture of glass are classified in Class C03, but not to class F27.
(c) However, there are some exceptions when the chemical part attributable to the class or division, covering the mechanical (or non-motorized) portion, for example:
- Some extractive methods attributed to the subclass A61K;
- The chemical purification of air in subclass A61L;
- Chemical methods of fire fighting class A62D;
- Chemical methods and devices of the class B01;
- Impregnation of wood in subclass B27K;
- Chemical methods of analysis and testing to the subclass G01N;
- Photographic materials and processes to the class G03, and chemical treatment of textiles and the production of cellulose or paper, in general, to Section D.
(d) In some other cases, the purely chemical part attributable to section C, as part of Applied Chemistry, to another section, such as A, B or F, eg the use of substances or mixtures:
- Treatment of plants or animals to the subclass A01N;
- Food to class A23;
- Ammunition or explosive charges to class F42.
(d) In cases where the chemical and mechanical parts are inextricably linked so that a clear and precise separation of them impossible, or when certain mechanical processes are an extension of the chemical treatment, to Section C can be partially attributed and mechanical parts, such as post-treatment of artificial stone assigned to the class C04. In these cases, usually given by an explanatory note or a reference.

CHEMISTRY
C01
Inorganic Chemistry (processing powders of inorganic compounds for the production of ceramics C04B 35/00; fermentation or enzymatic methods of synthesis of elements or inorganic compounds except carbon dioxide, C12P 3 / 00; obtaining metal compounds from mixtures, for example, from ores, as intermediates in the metallurgical process for obtaining free metals C21B, C22B; non-metallic elements or inorganic compounds by electrolysis or electrophoresis C25B)

Note: (1) In this class, in the absence of an indication the connection is always classified in the last appropriate place [3].
(2) Processes using enzymes or microorganisms for:
(i) isolation, separation or purification of pre-derived compounds or compositions, or.
(ii) processing of textiles or clean solid surfaces of materials
also classified in subclass C12S [5].

C02 Water treatment, industrial and domestic waste water or sewage (septic tanks, facilities for filtering, such as sand or mesh filters B01D)

C03 Glass; mineral and slag wool

C04 Cement, concrete, artificial stones, ceramics, refractory materials (alloys based on refractory metals C22C) [4]
 Note:

This class does not include mechanical aspects provided for in other classes, such as machining B28, ovens F27.

C05 Fertilizers; their production (methods or devices for granulating materials in general B01J 2 / 00; materials that improve soil condition or stabilizing soil C09K 17/00) [4]

Note:

The components of mixtures of fertilizers or simple fertilizers containing more than one chemical element upon which the division of fertilizer into subclasses, are classified only on the first of the respective subclasses. Thus, nitrofosfat or ammonium superphosphate is classified in C05B, and not C05C, magnesium phosphate - to C05B, and not by C05D, and calcium cyanamide in C05C, and not by C05D.

(2) In this class, it is desirable to add indexing codes relating to individual components of mixtures of different fertilizer or fertilizer with substances which are not udobreniyami.Eti indexes that are selected from groups of this class, except in groups C05B 1 / 10 and C05B 11.02, C05C 1 / 02 and C05C 7 / 02, C05F 1 / 02, C05F 3 / 06, C05F 9 / 02, C05F 11/06, and C05F 17/02, denoted as usual indices of classification, but instead of a slash, which separates group of sub-groups, with a colon, and should be bound.
(3) Attention is drawn to Chapter IV of the Introduction, which sets the rules of checkboxes and the various types of indexes coding [6].
C06 Explosives, matches

C07 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (such compounds as oxides, sulfides or oxysulfides carbon, cyanogen, phosgene, hydrocyanic acid or salts thereof C 01; products derived from the layered cation-exchange silicates by ion exchange with organic compounds such as ammonium, phosphonium or sulfonium compounds or through the introduction of organic compounds C 01B 33/44; macromolecular compounds C 08; dyes C 09; fermentation products C 12; fermentation or enzymatic methods of synthesis of chemical compounds or compositions, or the separation of racemic mixtures of optical isomers of C 12P; obtaining organic compounds by electrolysis or manner electrophoresis C 25B 3 / 00, C 25B 7 / 00)
________________________________________
Notes
In this subclass, the term:
- “Obtaining” includes the purification, separation, stabilization or the use of additives, if they do not have separate headings.
(2) Biocide, repellentnaya, attraktantnaya or plant growth regulatory activity of chemical compounds or preparations classified as a subclass A 01P.
(3) In subclasses C07C - C07K, and each of them in the absence of an indication to the connection classification is carried out on the last appropriate place. For example 2-butyl-pyridine, containing acyclic chain and a heterocyclic ring is classified only as a heterocyclic compound in subclass C07D. In general and in the absence of special instructions (such as in sections C 07C 59/58, 59/70 C 07C), the terms “acyclic” and “aliphatic” are used to describe compounds that do not have in the structure of the ring, and if there are rings of connection will be subject to the rule “the last appropriate place” and should be referred to the appropriate heading cycloaliphatic or aromatic compounds. When the compound or a group of compounds exists in tautomeric forms, they are classified in accordance with the form on the last category in the classification system, if earlier in this system expressly stipulates another form.
(4) Chemical compounds and their acquisition are classified in groups according to the type of the resulting compounds. Ways to obtain, if they are of interest, are also categorized in groups according to the type carried out by the reaction. Common methods of obtaining a class of compounds belonging to several groups, classified in groups for methods of obtaining, in the presence of such groups. These compounds are also categorized in groups according to the type of the resulting compound, if it is of interest.
(5) In this class, in the absence of an indication to the compounds containing carboxyl or tiokarboksilnye group, classified as the corresponding carboxylic acid and tiokarbonovye if it does not contradict the “rule of the last appropriate place” (see Note (2) above), the carbon atom of the carboxyl Group has three bonds (but not more than three) with heteroatoms other than nitrogen atoms of nitro or nitroso group and at least one double bond with the same heteroatom, while tiokarboksilnoy group carboxyl group contains at least one contact with a sulfur atom, eg amides or nitriles of carboxylic acids are classified with the corresponding acids.
(6) anhydride or carboxylic acid halides in the absence of specific instructions are classified under headings that assigned the appropriate acid. Salts of compounds, with the exception of those salts, which are special headings, are classified under headings that inclusion of these compounds, eg aniline hydrochloride is classified as a compound containing only carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen (by 07C C 211/46), sodium malonovokisly classified as malonic acid (in C 07C 55/08), and mercaptide - as mercaptans. So do a chelate (chelate) metal compounds. Similarly, metal alcoholates and fenolyaty classified by C 07C, but not for C 07F, alcoholates of C 07C 31/28 - 31/32 C 07C, and fenolyaty as the corresponding phenols, of C 07C 39/235 or C 07C 39 / 44. Salts, adducts or complexes of two or more organic compounds are classified according to all compounds forming the salts, adducts or complexes.

C07B Common methods of organic chemistry; devices to carry them out (to obtain esters of carboxylic acids telomerization C 07C 67/47; telomerization C 08F)

C07C Acyclic and carbocyclic compounds

C07D Heterocyclic compounds

C07F Acyclic, carbocyclic or heterocyclic compounds containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, halogens, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium, in combination with the above, or without them (metal-containing porphyrins C 07D 487/22)

C07G The compounds of unknown structure

C07H Sahara; derivatives of sugars, nucleosides, nucleotides, nucleic acids (derivatives aldonic or sugar acids C 07C, 07D C; aldonic acids, sugar acid, 07C 59/105 C, 59/285 C 07C; tsiangidriny C 07C 255/16; glycans C 07D ; compounds of unknown structure C 07G; polysaccharides, derivatives thereof C 08B; DNA or RNA is related to genetic engineering, vectors, eg plasmids, or their release, obtaining or purification C 12N 15/00; production of sugar C 13)

C07J Steroids (sekosteroidy C 07C)

C07K The peptides (peptides in food compositions A 23, such as obtaining protein compositions for food convoys A 23J, preparations for medical purposes A 61K; peptides containing beta-laktamovye ring, C 07D; cyclic dipeptides do not contain a molecule of any other peptide link than forming their ring, eg piperazine-2 ,5-diones, C 07D; ergot alkaloids of the cyclic peptide type C 07D 519/02; macromolecular compounds containing statistically distributed amino acid units in the molecules, ie, upon receipt provides no specific and random sequence of amino acid units, and gomopoliamidy bloksopoliamidy derived from amino acids, C 08G 69/00; macromolecular products derived from proteins, C 08H 1 / 00; obtaining animal glue or gelatin C 09H; single-cell proteins, enzymes C 12N; methods of genetic engineering for peptides C 12N 15/00; compounds for measurement and testing, using enzymes, C 12Q; study or analysis of biological material G 01N 33/00)

C07M
Division annulled)

C07 [2] ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (such compounds as oxides, sulfides or oxysulfides carbon, cyanogen, phosgene, hydrocyanic acid or salts thereof C01; products derived from the layered cation-exchange silicates by ion exchange with organic compounds such as ammonium, phosphonium or sulfonium compounds or through the introduction of organic compounds C01B 33/44; macromolecular compounds C08; dyes C09; fermentation products C12; fermentation or enzymatic methods of synthesis of chemical compounds or compositions, or the separation of racemic mixtures of optical isomers C12P; obtaining organic compounds by electrolysis or electrophoresis method C25B 3 / 00 , C25B 7 / 00) [2]

Note: (1) In this subclass, the term:
- “Obtaining” includes the purification, separation, stabilization or the use of additives, if they do not have separate headings [4].
(2) In the absence of special instructions, the connection (with the exception noted below) is classified in the last appropriate for him category classification system, such as compound containing acyclic chain and a heterocyclic ring is classified only as a heterocyclic compound, a steroid - just as the connection tsiklopentanofenantrena. In general and in the absence of special instructions (such as in headings C07C 59/58, C07C 59/70), the terms “acyclic” and aliphatic used to describe compounds that do not have in the structure of the ring, and if there are rings of connection will be subject to the rule of “last appropriate place and must be referred to the appropriate heading cycloaliphatic or aromatic compounds. When the compound or a group of compounds exists in tautomeric forms, they are classified in accordance with the form on the last category in the classification system, if earlier in this system expressly stipulates another form.
(3) Chemical compounds and their acquisition are classified in groups according to the type of the resulting compounds. Ways to obtain, if they are of interest, are also categorized in groups according to the type carried out by the reaction. Common methods of obtaining a class of compounds belonging to several groups, classified in groups for methods of obtaining, in the presence of such groups. These compounds are also categorized in groups according to the type of the resulting compound, if it is of interest.
(4) In this class, in the absence of an indication to the compounds containing carboxyl or tiokarboksilnye group, classified as the corresponding carboxylic acid and tiokarbonovye if it does not contradict the “rule of the last appropriate place” (see Note (2) above), the carbon atom of the carboxyl Group has three bonds (but not more than three) with heteroatoms other than nitrogen atoms of nitro or nitroso group and at least one double bond with the same heteroatom, while tiokarboksilnoy group carboxyl group contains at least one contact with a sulfur atom, eg amides or nitriles of carboxylic acids are classified with the corresponding acids [5].
(5) anhydride or carboxylic acid halides in the absence of specific instructions are classified under headings that assigned the appropriate acid. Salts of compounds, with the exception of those salts, which are special headings, are classified under headings that inclusion of these compounds, eg aniline hydrochloride is classified as a compound containing only carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen (at C07C211/46), malonovokisly sodium is classified as malonic acid (to C07C 55/08), and mercaptide - as mercaptans. So do a chelate (chelate) metal compounds. Similarly, metal alcoholates and fenolyaty classified in C07C, and not to C07F, alcoholates to C07C 31/28 - C07C 31/32, fenolyaty well as the corresponding phenols by C07C 39/235 or C07C 39/44. Salts, adducts or complexes of two or more organic compounds are classified according to all compounds forming the salts, adducts or complexes [2].
(6) indices coding subclass C07M used only in conjunction with the headings of subclasses C07B - C07K order to reflect the information containing the special properties of organic compounds [6].
C08 Organic macromolecular compounds, and their receipt or chemical treatment composition on the basis of these compounds (receipt or processing of synthetic and artificial fibers, fibers, bristles or ribbons D01)

Note:

Processes using enzymes or microorganisms for:
(i) isolation, separation or purification of pre-derived compounds or compositions, or.
(ii) processing of textiles or clean solid surfaces of materials
also classified in subclass C12S [5].

C09 Dyes, paints, polishing compounds, natural resins, adhesives, various substances and preparations, the use of various substances and preparations
C10 Oil, gas and coke industry, technical gases containing carbon monoxide, fuel, lubricants; peat
C11 Animal and vegetable oils, fats, fatty substances and waxes derived from these fatty acids, detergents, candles (food compositions of oils and fats A23)

C12 Biochemistry, beer, alcoholic beverages, wine, vinegar, microbiology, enzymology; obtaining mutations, genetic engineering
 Note:

(1) In the absence of an indication in subclasses C12M - C12Q or C12S, and within each of these subclasses, classification is made in the last appropriate place [3].
(2) In this class, viruses, undifferentiated human cells, animals or plants, protozoa, tissues and unicellular algae are considered as micro-organisms [3,5].
(3) In this class of undifferentiated cells of humans, animals or plants, protozoa, tissues and unicellular algae are classified together with micro-organisms, if they do not have specific headings [5].
(4) the indexing codes subclass C12R are only used as indexing codes associated with subclasses C12C - C12Q or C12S, for information on micro-organisms used in the processes classified in these subclasses [3].
C13 Production of sugar (polysaccharides, eg starch, derivatives thereof C08B, malt C12C) [4]

Note:

Processes using enzymes or microorganisms for:
(i) isolation, separation or purification of pre-derived compounds or compositions, or.
(ii) processing of textiles or clean solid surfaces of materials
also classified in subclass C12S [5].

C14 Gole, skins, furs, leather

METALLURGY
C21 Metallurgy of iron

C22 Metallurgy (metallurgy of iron C21); ferrous alloys or ferrous metals, machining alloys or non-ferrous metals (processes or devices for heat treatment of general-purpose black or non-ferrous metals or alloys C21D; obtaining metals by electrolysis or electrophoresis C25)

Note:

Indices subclass C22K are only for encoding information relating to changes in the physical characteristics of alloys classified in subclasses C21D, C22C or C22F [6].

C23 [2] Coverage of metallic materials, other materials, metal coating material (metallization of textiles D06M 11/83; decorating textiles by local metallization D06Q 1 / 04), chemical surface treatment, diffusion treatment of metallic material; Coating by vacuum evaporation, sputtering, ion implantation or chemical vapor deposition in general (for specific purposes, see the relevant classes, eg for the production of resistors H01C 17/06); ways to prevent corrosion of metallic material, the formation of scale or crust in general (the processing of metal surfaces or coating of metals by electrolysis or electrophoresis method C25D, C25F) [ 2]

Note:

In this class, the term “metallic material” means:
a) metals; [4]
b) alloys (attention to the note following the title of subclass C22C).

Combinatorial technology [8]
C40 Combinatorial chemistry, libraries [8]

C99 Subjects not covered in this section [8]

Textile or similar flexible materials, not included elsewhere SECTIONS
D01 Natural and chemical fibers, spinning (metal threads B 21; manufacture fibers or filaments from molten glass, melted minerals or slags C 03B 37/00; yarns D 02)

Notes
This class uses the terms that have the following meanings:
“Fiber” refers to relatively short, elongated element of natural or artificial material with small transverse dimensions;
- “Monofilament” - infinitely elongated element of natural or artificial material, is not divisible in the longitudinal direction without fracture;
- “Yarn” - a set of fibers connected to each other in the process of spinning;
- “Thread” - a set of threads of yarn or monofilaments, connected to each other in the process of torsion.
D02 Yarn; final processing of yarn or filaments by mechanical means; warping Примечания
 Notes

This class uses the terms that have the following meanings:
- “Fiber” refers to a relatively short elongated element of natural or artificial material;
- “Monofilament” - infinitely elongated element of natural or artificial material;
- “Yarn” - a set of fibers connected to each other in the process of spinning;
- “Thread” - a set of threads of yarn or monofilaments, joined in the process of torsion.
D03 Weaving D04 Weaving, manufacture of lace, knitting, knitting, haberdashery, nonwovens D05 Sewing, embroidery, production of sewed products D06 Processing of textiles, laundry, elastic materials, not classified in other classes D07 Ropes, wires or cables, except electrical
PAPER
D21 Paper, pulp D99 Subjects not covered in this section [8]

CONSTRUCTION
E01 Road construction, construction of railways and bridges (tunnels E 21D) E02 Waterworks; grounds and foundations, earth moving E03 Water supply, sewage E04 Ground construction (layered materials, layered products in general B 32B) E05 Locks, keys, a headset for windows, doors and shutters, safes

Notes
In this subclass, the terms set forth below, should be understood:
- “Flap” - a generic term for rotating, sliding or otherwise moving doors or windows. The term also encompasses other movable structures such as drawers, lids of boxes, car trunks, hoods or shrouds, which can be mounted control fasteners, snap or locking devices, assigned to the class;
- “Frame” - the element to which is attached sash. This term does not include a framework forming part of the leaf, such as cover windows, but in some cases, the frame itself may be a leaf;
- - “Castle” - a device that requires her to lock or unlock the special devices, such as keys. However, in groups E 05B 1 / 00 - E 05B 9 / 00, E 05B 13/00 - 17/00 E 05B, E 05B 39/00 - 47/00 E 05B, E 05B 51/00, E 05B 53/00 , E 05B 63/00 and E 05B 65/00, the term “lock” may also include other types of locking devices;
- “Bolt” - a sliding, rotating or otherwise moving element, which is usually located on the door to keep it closed by adhesion to the holder of the frame. Actuated manually, using a key or other device (see below);

- “Catch” - a device locking shutter automatically under the action of a spring or any other efforts at a time when the shutter is included in the frame;
- “Overlay” - the element in the form of latches, hook, etc., pivotally fastened to the frame or sash, which serves to lock the doors, for example with a padlock.
E06 Doors, windows, shutters, blinds in general; stairs

Soil boring or rocks; Mining
E21 Drilling of soil or rocks; Mining

Note
In this class, the term “drilling” includes “drilling” and vice versa.
E99 Subjects not covered in this section [8]

ENGINES AND PUMPS
F01 Machines or engines in general (internal combustion engines F 02; hydraulic machines F 03, F 04), power plants with engines, steam engines
Notes
Note is intended to help in using this subsection, but it should not be understood so that it in any way affect the classification scheme as a whole.
(1) Divisions or groups to which assigned certain engines or pumps, also include workflow engines or pumps, if they do not have specific headings.
(2) used in the classes F 01 - 04 F of this section terms lend the following meanings:
- “Engine” - a device for continuous energy conversion working fluid into mechanical energy. This term includes steam engines, steam or gas turbines, internal combustion engines, etc. However, the “engines” are not classified as one-way device single action, ie devices such as hydraulic or pneumatic power cylinders. “engine” referred to those parts of the measuring devices, which is continuous energy conversion working fluid into mechanical energy, although the latter is used only for measurement purposes, not for the actuator energy consumers;
- “PUMP” - a device for continuous injection, compression or suction of fluids to mechanical or other means. These include pumps for liquids, as well as compressors, fans, blowers, vacuum pumps and other devices for pumping or suction compressible media, ie газов и паров; gases and vapors;
- “Cars” - a device that can serve as an engine and pump. The term “machine” shall not include devices that can operate only as engines or just as pumps;
- Volumetric expansion (displacement) “- a term describing the way of energy conversion working fluid into mechanical energy, in which the volume change produced by the working fluid in the chamber, produces a corresponding movement transmits energy to the mechanical body and vice versa, while the kinetic energy of the body is not working significant influence on the process;
- “Positive-extension (displacement)” - a term describing the way of energy conversion working fluid into mechanical energy, at which the energy of the working body is converted into kinetic energy and vice versa;
- PUMPED WORKING MACHINE WITH BODY “- machine volumetric displacement, in which the working body that interacts with the fluid medium, and transmits the motion, shaking. This definition applies to both engines, and to the pump;
- “Rotary apparatus” - the machine volumetric displacement, in which the working body that interacts with the fluid medium, and transmits the movement revolves around a fixed axis or about an axis moving along a circular or close to the trajectory;
- ROTARY PISTON (ROTOR-PISTON) - transmitting rotary motion of the working body of the machine any suitable form, such as a toothed gear;
- Interacting elements “- a term for rotating machinery represents a rotating or oscillating piston and the other element, such as the wall of the working chamber, which facilitated the transfer of movement or action blower;
- “MOVING interacting elements - the relative motion, where one of the interacting elements can be stationary, even when it comes to his” axis of rotation, or both elements may be in motion;
- “Teeth or their equivalent” includes the cam protrusion, LEGS;
- With external rotor “(WITH INNER AXIS”) - a term applied to these types of machines in which the axis of rotation of the internal and external interacting elements always remains inside the outer element, such as the axis of the toothed wheel is in gear meshed with teeth internal gears. These explanations also apply to engines and pumps;
- SVOBODNOPORSHNEVYE machines or engines - piston machines or engines in which the stroke is not limited by mechanical constraints and can be changed when changing modes of operation of the machine;
- “Top Hat” - working chamber volume displacement in general, so they can have not only a circular cross-section;
- NATIVE Val - Val converts reciprocating piston motion into rotary motion;
- “Engine” - an apparatus consisting of the engine and all auxiliary equipment necessary for its operation. Thus, for example, “Steam-INSTALLATION” consists not only of the steam engine or steam turbine, as such, but also includes the steam generator, ie boiler with all the necessary assistive devices;
- “Working body” - fluid, which is driven by a pump or which sets in motion the engine. Working the body may be either in a gaseous state, ie compressible, or liquid, ie. incompressible. In the first case of possible simultaneous existence of two states;
- The term “steam” refers not only to water vapor, but also to any condensed pairs at all. The term “special steam” belong to different pairs, with the exception of the condensing;
- “Reactive” - a term applied to equipment or positive-displacement engines. He refers to such vehicles or engines, which convert the potential energy of compressed fluid into kinetic energy of the jet, in whole or in part is in the rotor. Machines or engines in which there is no such a transformation in the rotor, or a conversion of weak machines or engines are called “impulse type”.
(3) In this subsection:
- Cyclically operating allocation mechanisms, lubricating devices, silencers or exhaust devices, and devices for cooling should refer to subclasses F 01L, 01M F, F 01N, 01P F regardless of their private use, unless the named device for its characteristics are not limited to the use of only in specific types of engines or pumps. In the latter case, the above devices should be referred to the corresponding class F 01 - F 04.
- With regard to lubrication devices, silencers or exhaust devices, and devices for cooling machinery and engines, then they should be classified in subclasses F 01M, 01N F, F 01P; if the listed devices are intended only for steam engines, they should be classified in the subclass F 01B.
(4) The use of this subsection in respect of subclasses F 01B, F 01C, 01D F, F 03B and F 04B, F 04C, 04D F, of its constituent base, special attention should be paid to:
- General principle underlying the structure of the classification;
- Mandatory signs classification;
- To classify more information.
(i) Principle.
This mainly relates to the above subclasses. Other subclasses, especially subclasses of class F 02, in which subjects selected the best, are not considered here.
Each subclass covers mainly certain kind of devices (motors or pumps) and, moreover, can be extended by “machines” of the same species, ie devices that can serve as an engine and pump. Thus, the same sub-class covers two categories of technical objects, one of which has a more general nature than the other.
Divisions F 01B, F 03B, F 04B, except that they include two different categories according to the degree of generality of technical objects, in relation to other divisions, including different types of devices considered the genus are more common.
For example, a subclass of F 03B in respect of machinery is more general in relation to subclasses F 04B, F 04C, while in the “engine” - in Division F 03C.
(ii) Signs.
a) When classifying the main feature is a sub-genus of the device, and in only three kinds of devices:
- Machinery;
- Engines;
- Pumps.
b) As stated above, “machines” are always associated with one of the two other types of devices. These basic devices are classified in accordance with general principles of their work:
- The principle of volume displacement;
- The principle of non-positive displacement.
Devices operating on the principle of volumetric displacement, further subdivided in accordance with the method of implementation of the basic principle of work, ie depending on the type of device to:

- Piston;
- Rotary or swinging working bodies;
- Other.
g) for classification, you must also pay attention to employ the worker’s body, depending on the type of which distinguish three types of devices working on:
- Liquids and elastic fluids;
- Compressible medium;
- Liquid.
(iii) Additional features.
Additional features may appear in connection with pairs of subclasses listed above, and in accordance with features of the considered types of devices or the working environment.
These subclasses with various principles, features and additional features are shown in the “Contents subsection.
It shows that:
- For the same type of devices of the kind characteristic of “working body” relates subclasses:
Machines:
F 01B and F 04B
F 01C and F 04C
F 01D and F 03B
Engines:
F 01B and F 03C
F 01C and F 03C
F 01D and F 03B
- For the same kind of working fluid characteristic of “device” relates subclasses in the same way as the concept of relative validity.
F02 Internal combustion engines (gas distribution mechanisms for them, grease, exhaust and exhaust jamming F 01), power plants operating on the hot gases or combustion products F03 Hydraulic machinery and engines (both working fluids, and in compressible fluids F 01; volumetric displacement of hydraulic machines F 04), windmills, spring or gravity engines, methods or devices for mechanical power or reactive power, not classified to other headings F04 A 62C 11/00; with driven pumps A 62C 25/00; content or scavenging combustion engines F 02B; toplivovpryskivayuschaya equipment engines F 02M; ion pumps H 01J 41/12; electrodynamic pumps H 02K 44/02) Hydraulic and pneumatic actuators; pneumohydraulic system of general purpose F16 The components of machines, general methods and devices to ensure proper operation of machines and installations; insulation in general Storage or distribution of gases or liquids (water supply E 03B)

LIGHTING, HEATING F21
Lighting (electric aspects or elements, see section H, eg electric light sources H 01J, 01K H, H 05B) F22 Generating steam (chemical and physical apparatus for generating gases B 01J; chemical gas production, such as pressure, see section C; removal of combustion products or residues of focal, such as cleaning of contaminated surfaces of pipes and boilers F 23J; generating combustion products of high pressure or high speed F 23R; water heater for purposes other than generating a pair of F 24H, F 28; cleaning of internal or external surfaces of heat exchange channels, such as evaporation tube boilers F 28G) Heating, ventilation, ovens and cookers (thermal plant protection in orchards, or forests A 01G 13/06; Ovens and Appliances A 21B; device for cooking in general, except for stoves, A 47J; forging B 21J, 21K B; heating and ventilation devices for vehicles, see the relevant subclasses of classes B 60 - B 64; device for igniting the fuel in general F 23; drying F 26B; industrial furnaces in general F 27; electric heating elements and the device H 05B) F25 Refrigerating or freezing equipment, combined systems for heating and cooling system with heat pumps, production or storage of ice, liquid or solidification of gases F26 Drying F27 Reheating, kilns, smelters and retort furnaces (furnace special purpose, see the relevant classes, eg bakery ovens A 21B; Glass Furnace C 03B; ovens and apparatus for gas C 10B, C 10J, apparatus for cracking hydrocarbons C 10G, domain Furnace C 21B, converters for steel C 21C, furnaces for heat treatment of metals C 21D; furnaces for electroslag or arc melting C 22B 9 / 00; stove enamelling C 23D; devices for combustion F 23; electric heating H 05B) F28 Heat exchange in general (heat transfer, heat exchangers or heat-accumulating materials C 09K 5 / 00; placement or installation of heat exchangers for air conditioning, humidification or ventilation F 24F 13/30)

Arms and ammunition; BLASTING F41 Weapon
F42 Ammunition; blasting
F99 Subjects not covered in this section